The HELPER Act Mortgage: Explained

The HELPER Act is a first-time home buyer program for teachers, firefighters, and law enforcement officers. It exempts first-time home buyers from down payment and mortgage insurance requirements.

HELPER stands for “Homes for Every Local Protector, Educator, and Responder.” As of November 14, 2024, the bipartisan bill has not yet become law.

Congress introduced the HELPER Act on May 13, 2021, as an amendment to the National Housing Act, which created the U.S. mortgage insurance system. The House and Senate renewed the bill with amendments on May 10, 2023.

---

Did The HELPER Act Pass Yet?

As of November 14, 2024, the HELPER Act has not yet passed.

The HELPER Act is one of several first-time buyer programs under consideration in Congress, including the $15,000 first-time buyer tax credit bill, called the DASH Act.

The White House supports homeownership and down payment assistance for first-time buyers.

In April 2023, President Biden launched his presidential campaign, pledging to address “unfinished business,” including creating new, affordable housing opportunities for all Americans who want them.

Some of these plans are already in action:

• The Biden $15,000 First-Time Homebuyer Tax Credit
• The FHFA First-Time Home Buyer Mortgage Rate Discount
• The $10,000 First-Time Home Buyer Mortgage Relief Credit

The HELPER Act is an affordable housing bill with bipartisan support. Congress is expected to pass it into law. The bill is self-funding, meaning it does not cost taxpayers money.

What is The HELPER Act?

The HELPER Act is a mortgage program that offers 100% financing to first responders and educators, with no requirement for monthly mortgage insurance.

Eligible home buyers must meet the following criteria:

• Must work full-time as a K-12 educator, firefighter, or law enforcement officer, or full-time as a paramedic or EMT for federal, state, Tribal, or local government
• Must have worked in a qualifying job for at least four of the last five years
• Must be in “good standing” with their employer and plan to continue employment for at least another 12 months
• Must be purchasing a 1-unit primary residence (vacation homes and rentals are ineligible)
• Must be using the HELPER Act mortgage for the first time
• Must meet basic eligibility requirements of an FHA loan
• Must be a first-time home buyer (defined as not owning a home for the prior three years)

HELPER Act mortgages are automatically considered by FHA-approved lenders at the time of application.

Most mortgage lenders that offer FHA loans can also offer HELPER Act mortgages.

How Does The HELPER Act Mortgage Work?

The HELPER Act mortgage is a modified FHA loan with three key changes:

1. It replaces the FHA’s 3.5% down payment requirement with a no-money-down option
2. It removes the need for monthly mortgage insurance premiums (MIP)
3. It raises the upfront FHA mortgage insurance premium to at least 3%

This makes homes more affordable by eliminating down payments and mortgage insurance.

Under the HELPER Act, buyers can keep savings for emergencies or other expenses instead of using them for a down payment.

Without monthly mortgage insurance payments, it’s also easier for buyers with lower or moderate incomes to qualify for a loan.

Other benefits of HELPER Act FHA mortgages include:

• Choice of fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) options
• Pre-approval with credit scores of 500 or higher
• More flexible income requirements than other loans

FHA loans are also assumable mortgages, which can make future resale easier.

Who Is Eligible For The HELPER Act?

The HELPER Act sets out six standards for eligibility:

1. Must be a first-time home buyer

The HELPER Act defines a first-time home buyer as someone who has not owned a primary residence in the prior three years. Certain exceptions apply for displaced homemakers and single parents. For more information, see 42 U.S.C. 12704.

2. Must be a full-time protector, educator, or responder

Eligible applicants must be full-time employees in one of these categories:

• Teachers at a state-accredited public or private school, pre-K through grade 12 (administrators and support staff are not eligible)
• Full-time firefighters or paramedics for a federal, state, Tribal, or local government
• Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) employed full-time by a fire department or EMS unit
• Law enforcement officers employed full-time by a federal, state, or local government

Notable exclusions include part-time and substitute teachers, social workers, and nurses.

3. Must have four years of qualifying employment

Eligible applicants must have worked full-time in a qualifying position for four out of the last five years.

The HELPER Act allows for job changes, as long as the new job is within the same category of eligible employment.

Exceptions may apply for job-related disabilities.

4. Must plan to continue employment for at least one year

Applicants must certify they plan to remain in their job for at least 12 months after closing.

Buyers who reasonably believe they will continue employment meet this requirement.

5. Must be in good standing with employer

Applicants must be in good standing at their job and not under investigation for any actions that could result in termination.

6. Must be using the HELPER Act for the first time

Applicants can only use the HELPER Act mortgage once, whether as the primary borrower, co-borrower, or non-occupant co-borrower.

7. Must be purchasing a 1-unit home

Eligible homes include single-family houses, condos, and manufactured homes permanently affixed to a lot. Multi-unit homes (e.g., 2-4 units) are ineligible.

8. Must be eligible for an FHA mortgage

The HELPER Act mortgage is backed by the FHA, so buyers must meet the minimum FHA standards, including income verification, credit score, and loan limits.

How To Apply For A HELPER Act Mortgage

The HELPER Act mortgage is a modified FHA loan, so applicants should use the standard FHA application process.

Before applying, ensure you meet the FHA’s basic requirements, such as:

1. A credit score of 500 or higher
2. Proof of income through W-2s and paystubs
3. A manageable debt-to-income ratio
4. U.S. citizenship or legal residency

Next, make sure you meet the additional HELPER Act requirements:

1. You must be a first-time home buyer
2. At least four years of work experience in a qualifying job
3. An intention to remain in your job for at least 12 months
4. Plan to purchase a 1-unit home

Then, locate an FHA-approved mortgage lender.

According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), over 850 mortgage companies offer FHA loans nationwide.

Verify your income and employment history as part of your HELPER Act application, and ensure you meet FHA standards through a soft credit check.

Note: The HELPER Act is not yet law. For now, buyers can apply for the no-money-down 100% Conventional Mortgage for first-time buyers.

The Conventional 100 is a straightforward mortgage available in most states.

HELPER Act 100% Mortgage Alternatives

	HELPER Act	USDA Mortgage	VA Mortgage	Conventional 100	Doctor Loan	Forgivable Mortgages
0% Down Payment	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️		✔️
First-Time Buyers Only	✔️			✔️
Upfront Mortgage Insurance		✔️	✔️	✔️		✔️
Monthly Mortgage Insurance		✔️	✔️			✔️
Income Restrictions	✔️	✔️		✔️		✔️
Address Restrictions	✔️	✔️		✔️		✔️
Employment Restrictions	✔️		✔️			✔️
Multi-Unit Eligible	✔️			✔️	✔️	✔️

The HELPER Act mortgage is an extension of the FHA 203(b) Mortgage Insurance Program, making it a modified FHA loan. Home buyers who use the HELPER Act mortgage must meet FHA mortgage guidelines and use FHA mortgage rates.

Different 100% mortgage programs may offer better terms for some home buyers.

Here are 4 HELPER Act mortgage alternatives and how they compare.

1. USDA Mortgage

USDA mortgages are 100% mortgages for non-urban homes, including suburban and rural neighborhoods. The U.S. Department of Agriculture backs USDA loans, which allow 100% financing and feature low fees, reduced mortgage insurance premiums, and mortgage rates below national averages.

USDA mortgages are available to all buyers in all professions – teachers, law enforcement, first responders, and others.

Over ninety percent of U.S. land is eligible for a USDA mortgage. Use this interactive USDA Eligibility Map to find your home.

2. VA Mortgage

VA mortgages are 100% mortgages for active duty military, veterans, National Guard, Reserves, and select spouses.

The Department of Veterans Affairs backs VA loans and guarantees them against loss. This guaranty allows lenders to offer VA mortgages at lower interest rates than other low- and no-down payment loans.

Like HELPER Act mortgages, VA loans are exempt from monthly mortgage insurance.

3. The Conventional 100 Mortgage

The Conventional 100 mortgage is a no-money-down mortgage for first-time buyers available through Homebuyer.com.

The Conventional 100 mortgage is for single-family homes and is based on conventional mortgage guidelines. Loan sizes may not exceed local conforming mortgage loan limits, home buyers must complete an online homeownership education course before closing, and eligibility is limited to U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens.

The Conventional 100 applies a minimum credit score requirement and limits on household income. Mortgage rates are typically below market averages.

4. Doctor Loans

Doctor Loans are 100% mortgages for doctors, dentists, active medical residents and fellows, and other medical professionals, including veterinarians and optometrists. Sometimes called Physician Loans, they’re no-money-down mortgages available at retail banks and some mortgage brokerages.

Doctor loan guidelines vary between lenders, but generally, doctor loans don’t require a down payment, waive private mortgage insurance, and take a lenient approach to medical school debt.

Doctor loan mortgage rates are typically higher than comparable FHA or conventional loans.

5. 100% Forgivable Mortgages

100% forgivable mortgages are mortgages where the buyer borrows the down payment as a second mortgage, which is typically forgiven after five years.

Like HELPER Act mortgages, forgivable mortgages are based on the FHA mortgage program, so buyers must meet credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and citizenship requirements.

To apply for a forgivable mortgage, ask your mortgage lender about availability.

When Will The HELPER Act Pass?

The HELPER Act is expected to be enacted in late-2024.

The bill’s timeline through Congress is as follows:

• Introduced in the House as bipartisan H.R. 3172, May 13, 2021
• Added 11 co-sponsors from both parties
• Introduced in the Senate as bipartisan S. 2981, October 7, 2021
• Added 62 additional bipartisan co-sponsors in the House of Representatives, 2022
• Added 16 additional bipartisan co-sponsors in the Senate, 2022
• Re-introduced as H.R. 3170, May 10, 2023 – now with 122 bipartisan co-sponsors
• Re-introduced as S. 1514, May 10, 2023 – with 15 bipartisan co-sponsors

Because The HELPER Act expands the National Housing Act of 1934 to include a new mortgage insurance program for teachers and first responders, passing it doesn’t require coordination among federal and state agencies, like the $25,000 Downpayment Toward Equity Act.

Relative to other first-time home buyer bills, enacting The HELPER Act is straightforward.

The bill boosts home affordability for millions of first-time buyers.

According to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of Justice Statistics, and National Center for Education Statistics, more than five million Americans work in HELPER Act professions:

• 3.7 million full-time pre-K through Grade 12 educators
• 700,000 full-time law enforcement officers
• 370,000 full-time firefighters
• 260,000 full-time emergency medical technicians and paramedics

Congress debated over a dozen home affordability programs in its last session, including the Homes for Every Local Protector, Educator, and Responder Act. Now, the bill is revived.

We expect continued bipartisan support for The HELPER Act and an eventual passage into law.

Common Questions About The HELPER Act

Is this webpage updated with accurate HELPER Act information?

Yes, this page is updated and verified against the most recent bill version regularly. The date of the last update is listed at the top of this article.

Is The HELPER Act for first-time home buyers only?

Yes, the HELPER Act is for people who meet the definition of a first-time home buyer. This is a change from the original HELPER Act of 2021, which included all home buyers.

What’s different between the current version of the HELPER Act and the original HELPER Act of 2021?

Key differences exist between the 2021 HELPER Act and the current HELPER Act bills. In the new version of the bill:

1. The HELPER Act applies to first-time home buyers only
2. The HELPER Act includes Tribal governments in the eligible employer list
3. The HELPER Act changes job history to accept gaps in full-time employment

What is the status of the HELPER Act?

The HELPER Act is an active bill with versions in the 2023-2024 House of Representatives and 2023-2024 Senate. Both versions have bipartisan co-sponsors and support. The bill still must be voted into law.

Is The HELPER Act available yet?

No, the HELPER Act is not yet available. We expect the bill to pass into law in mid-2024. Homebuyer publishes a special newsletter with updates. Register below for updates.

I have four years of employment as a first responder but with different employers. Am I still eligible for a HELPER Act mortgage?

The HELPER Act requires home buyers to work as teachers or first responders for four consecutive years. Buyers are not required to work for the same employer for all four years or in the same role.

I was a full-time firefighter for two years and became a teacher for the next two years. Am I eligible to use The HELPER Act?

Yes, the HELPER Act states that eligible buyers must work full-time as teachers or first responders for four consecutive years. It doesn’t say the buyers must keep the same job function.

What will happen if I leave my job within 12 months of using a HELPER Act mortgage?

If you leave your job within 12 months of using a HELPER Act home loan, the program administrator may ask you to sign an affidavit that your job change was unexpected.

Does The HELPER Act have an income limit?

No, The HELPER Act doesn’t enforce income limitations.

Can I use The HELPER Act to buy a short-term rental property?

No, the HELPER Act is for primary residences only. Home buyers may not use their homes to generate revenue from short- or long-term rentals.

Who is the HELPER Act’s primary sponsor in Congress?

Rep. John H. Rutherford [R-FL-5] is the primary sponsor of The HELPER Act in the House of Representatives. Sen. Marco Rubio [R-FL] is the primary sponsor in the Senate.

Who are the HELPER Act co-sponsors in Congress?

As of November 14, 2024, there are 146 co-sponsors in the House of Representatives for The HELPER Act.

Representative	Affiliation	Sponsor Date
Rep. Watson Coleman, Bonnie	[D-NJ-12]*	May 10, 2023
Rep. Valadao, David G.	[R-CA-22]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Gonzalez, Vicente	[D-TX-34]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Veasey, Marc A.	[D-TX-33]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Smith, Christopher H.	[R-NJ-4]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K.	[R-PA-1]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Pascrell, Bill, Jr.	[D-NJ-9]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Ruppersberger, C. A. Dutch	[D-MD-2]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Evans, Dwight	[D-PA-3]	May 11, 2023
Rep. Phillips, Dean	[D-MN-3]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Kilmer, Derek	[D-WA-6]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Gimenez, Carlos A.	[R-FL-28]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Kelly, Mike	[R-PA-16]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Budzinski, Nikki	[D-IL-13]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Deluzio, Christopher R.	[D-PA-17]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Titus, Dina	[D-NV-1]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Houlahan, Chrissy	[D-PA-6]	May 15, 2023
Rep. Jackson, Jeff	[D-NC-14]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Crockett, Jasmine	[D-TX-30]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Pappas, Chris	[D-NH-1]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Landsman, Greg	[D-OH-1]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Perez, Marie Gluesenkamp	[D-WA-3]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Kim, Andy	[D-NJ-3]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Carson, Andre	[D-IN-7]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Hoyle, Val T.	[D-OR-4]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Lee, Susie	[D-NV-3]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Sherrill, Mikie	[D-NJ-11]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Wexton, Jennifer	[D-VA-10]	May 17, 2023
Rep. Turner, Michael R.	[R-OH-10]	May 18, 2023
Rep. Reschenthaler, Guy	[R-PA-14]	May 18, 2023
Rep. Salazar, Maria Elvira	[R-FL-27]	May 22, 2023
Rep. Lawler, Michael	[R-NY-17]	May 22, 2023
Rep. Ellzey, Jake	[R-TX-6]	May 22, 2023
Rep. Levin, Mike	[D-CA-49]	May 22, 2023
Rep. Crow, Jason	[D-CO-6]	May 22, 2023
Rep. Vasquez, Gabe	[D-NM-2]	May 22, 2023
Rep. Hayes, Jahana	[D-CT-5]	May 23, 2023
Rep. Lee, Barbara	[D-CA-12]	May 23, 2023
Rep. Gottheimer, Josh	[D-NJ-5]	May 23, 2023
Rep. Payne, Donald M., Jr.	[D-NJ-10]	May 23, 2023
Rep. Ivey, Glenn	[D-MD-4]	May 23, 2023
Rep. Harder, Josh	[D-CA-9]	May 24, 2023
Rep. Trone, David J.	[D-MD-6]	May 24, 2023
Rep. Kaptur, Marcy	[D-OH-9]	June 06, 2023
Rep. Pettersen, Brittany	[D-CO-7]	June 06, 2023
Rep. Kildee, Daniel T.	[D-MI-8]	June 06, 2023
Rep. Correa, J. Luis	[D-CA-46]	June 12, 2023
Rep. Simpson, Michael K.	[R-ID-2]	June 15, 2023
Rep. Nickel, Wiley	[D-NC-13]	June 20, 2023
Rep. Waltz, Michael	[R-FL-6]	June 20, 2023
Rep. Meuser, Daniel	[R-PA-9]	June 20, 2023
Rep. Thompson, Glenn	[R-PA-15]	June 30, 2023
Rep. Kean, Thomas H.	[R-NJ-7]	July 12, 2023
Rep. Costa, Jim	[D-CA-21]	July 12, 2023
Rep. Keating, William R.	[D-MA-9]	July 17, 2023
Rep. Wild, Susan	[D-PA-7]	July 17, 2023
Rep. Amodei, Mark E.	[R-NV-2]	July 20, 2023
Rep. Manning, Kathy E.	[D-NC-6]	July 20, 2023
Rep. Foushee, Valerie P.	[D-NC-4]	July 20, 2023
Rep. Strickland, Marilyn	[D-WA-10]	July 20, 2023
Rep. Crawford, Eric A. “Rick”	[R-AR-1]	July 25, 2023
Rep. Bishop, Sanford D., Jr.	[D-GA-2]	July 25, 2023
Rep. Craig, Angie	[D-MN-2]	July 25, 2023
Rep. Nehls, Troy E.	[R-TX-22]	July 27, 2023
Rep. Chavez-DeRemer, Lori	[R-OR-5]	July 27, 2023
Rep. Sánchez, Linda T.	[D-CA-38]	July 27, 2023
Rep. Cammack, Kat	[R-FL-3]	July 27, 2023
Rep. Mace, Nancy	[R-SC-1]	August 01, 2023
Rep. Dunn, Neal P.	[R-FL-2]	August 08, 2023
Rep. Tokuda, Jill N.	[D-HI-2]	August 08, 2023
Rep. Johnson, Henry C. “Hank,” Jr.	[D-GA-4]	August 08, 2023
Rep. Soto, Darren	[D-FL-9]	August 15, 2023
Rep. Carbajal, Salud O.	[D-CA-24]	August 15, 2023
Rep. Garbarino, Andrew R.	[R-NY-2]	August 29, 2023
Rep. Carter, Troy	[D-LA-2]	August 29, 2023
Rep. Kuster, Ann M.	[D-NH-2]	August 29, 2023
Rep. Hinson, Ashley	[R-IA-2]	September 08, 2023
Rep. Menendez, Robert	[D-NJ-8]	September 08, 2023
Rep. Ross, Deborah K.	[D-NC-2]	September 08, 2023
Rep. Pallone, Frank, Jr.	[D-NJ-6]	September 12, 2023
Rep. Dean, Madeleine	[D-PA-4]	September 12, 2023
Rep. Norcross, Donald	[D-NJ-1]	September 14, 2023
Rep. Van Drew, Jefferson	[R-NJ-2]	September 14, 2023
Rep. Larson, John B.	[D-CT-1]	September 14, 2023
Rep. Morelle, Joseph D.	[D-NY-25]	September 27, 2023
Rep. Tonko, Paul	[D-NY-20]	October 02, 2023
Rep. Lieu, Ted	[D-CA-36]	October 02, 2023
Rep. Cartwright, Matt	[D-PA-8]	October 13, 2023
Rep. Posey, Bill	[R-FL-8]	October 13, 2023
Rep. Nunn, Zachary	[R-IA-3]	October 13, 2023
Rep. Gallego, Ruben	[D-AZ-3]	October 19, 2023
Rep. Spanberger, Abigail Davis	[D-VA-7]	October 25, 2023
Rep. James, John	[R-MI-10]	November 02, 2023
Rep. Neguse, Joe	[D-CO-2]	November 07, 2023
Rep. De La Cruz, Monica	[R-TX-15]	November 07, 2023
Rep. Davis, Donald G.	[D-NC-1]	November 08, 2023
Rep. Franklin, C. Scott	[R-FL-18]	November 08, 2023
Rep. Lynch, Stephen F.	[D-MA-8]	November 13, 2023
Rep. Caraveo, Yadira	[D-CO-8]	November 21, 2023
Rep. Mills, Cory	[R-FL-7]	November 29, 2023
Rep. Scholten, Hillary J.	[D-MI-3]	November 29, 2023
Rep. Williams, Nikema	[D-GA-5]	December 05, 2023
Rep. Higgins, Clay	[R-LA-3]	December 07, 2023
Rep. Slotkin, Elissa	[D-MI-7]	December 07, 2023
Rep. Kiley, Kevin	[R-CA-3]	December 07, 2023
Rep. Horsford, Steven	[D-NV-4]	December 19, 2023
Rep. Trahan, Lori	[D-MA-3]	December 19, 2023
Rep. Mrvan, Frank J.	[D-IN-1]	January 31, 2024
Rep. Rogers, Mike D.	[R-AL-3]	February 23, 2024
Rep. Clarke, Yvette D.	[D-NY-9]	February 29, 2024
Rep. Bilirakis, Gus M.	[R-FL-12]	February 29, 2024
Rep. D’Esposito, Anthony	[R-NY-4]	February 29, 2024
Rep. Westerman, Bruce	[R-AR-4]	March 6, 2024
Rep. Jackson, Jonathan L.	[D-IL-1]	March 6, 2024
Rep. Amo, Gabe	[D-RI-1]	March 11, 2024
Rep. Malliotakis, Nicole	[R-NY-11]	March 11, 2024
Rep. Ciscomani, Juan	[R-AZ-6]	March 11, 2024
Rep. Salinas, Andrea	[D-OR-6]	March 12, 2024
Rep. Sykes, Emilia Strong	[D-OH-13]	March 12, 2024
Rep. Tenney, Claudia	[R-NY-24]	March 12, 2024
Rep. Adams, Alma S.	[D-NC-12]	March 19, 2024
Rep. Brown, Shontel M.	[D-OH-11]	March 19, 2024
Rep. DeSaulnier, Mark	[D-CA-10]	March 26, 2024
Rep. Lee, Summer L.	[D-PA-12]	March 26, 2024
Rep. Sorensen, Eric	[D-IL-17]	March 29, 2024
Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes	[D-DC-At Large]	March 29, 2024
Rep. Armstrong, Kelly	[R-ND-At Large]	April 11, 2024
Rep. Peltola, Mary Sattler	[D-AK-At Large]	April 12, 2024
Rep. Brownley, Julia	[D-CA-26]	April 29, 2024
Rep. Gonzales, Tony/td>	[R-TX-23]	May 7, 2024
Rep. Lee, Laurel M./td>	[R-FL-15]	May 8, 2024
Rep. Bonamici, Suzanne	[D-OR-1]	May 14, 2024
Rep. Moulton, Seth	[D-MA-6]	May 14, 2024
Rep. Larsen, Rick	[D-WA-2]	May 15, 2024
Rep. Zinke, Ryan K.	[R-MT-1]	May 16, 2024
Rep. Goldman, Daniel S.	[D-NY-10]	May 16, 2024
Rep. Kelly, Robin L.	[D-IL-2]	May 22, 2024
Rep. Guthrie, Brett	[R-KY-2]	July 9, 2024
Rep. Cherfilus-McCormick, Sheila	[D-FL-20]	July 9, 2024
Rep. Carl, Jerry L.	[R-AL-1]	July 9, 2024
Rep. Mullin, Kevin	[D-CA-15]	July 23, 2024
Rep. Chu, Judy	[D-CA-28]	September 23, 2024
Rep. Fong, Vince	[R-CA-20]	October 8, 2024
Rep. DeGette, Diana	[D-CO-1]	November 1, 2024

The HELPER Act has 29 co-sponsors in the Senate.

Representative	Affiliation	Sponsor Date
Sen. Ossoff, Jon	[D-GA]*	May 10, 2023
Sen. Brown, Sherrod	[D-OH]*	May 10, 2023
Sen. Warnock, Raphael G.	[D-GA]*	May 10, 2023
Sen. Menendez, Robert	[D-NJ]*	May 10, 2023
Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine	[D-NV]*	May 10, 2023
Sen. Blumenthal, Richard	[D-CT]*	May 10, 2023
Sen. Scott, Rick	[R-FL]	May 18, 2023
Sen. Baldwin, Tammy	[D-WI]	June 06, 2023
Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr.	[D-PA]	June 22, 2023
Sen. Heinrich, Martin	[D-NM]	September 06, 2023
Sen. Cardin, Benjamin L.	[D-MD]	September 11, 2023
Sen. Risch, James E.	[R-ID]	September 13, 2023
Sen. Boozman, John	[R-AR]	September 27, 2023
Sen. Booker, Cory A.	[D-NJ]	November 30, 2023
Sen. Rosen, Jacky	[D-NV]	December 14, 2023
Sen. Cassidy, Bill	[R-LA]	January 30, 2024
Sen. King, Angus S., Jr.	[I-ME]	March 5, 2024
Sen. Kelly, Mark	[D-AZ]	March 5, 2024
Sen. Lujan, Ben Ray	[D-AZ]	April 10, 2024
Sen. Shaheen, Jeanne	[D-NH]	April 16, 2024
Sen. Hassan, Margaret Wood	[D-NH]	April 17, 2024
Sen. Murkowski, Lisa	[R-AK]	May 15, 2024
Sen. Fetterman, John	[D-PA]	May 15, 2024
Sen. Hirono, Mazie K.	[D-HI]	September 11, 2024
Sen. Hickenlooper, John W.	[D-CO]	September 11, 2024
Sen. Peters, Gary C.	[D-MI]	September 25, 2024
Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E.	[D-NY]	September 25, 2024