What Is Title Insurance?

Title insurance is a form of indemnity insurance that protects lenders and home buyers from financial loss related to defects in a title to a property. It also provides legal defense against lawsuits or claims against the property ownership.

A Longer Definition: Title Insurance

Title insurance differs from other types of insurance because it focuses on risk prevention rather than risk management.

Title insurance safeguards against future losses linked to past events that affect ownership rights to a property.

When you buy title insurance, a title company thoroughly searches public records to trace the property’s ownership history and identify potential legal or financial claims against it.

Unlike other insurance policies requiring ongoing premiums, such as homeowners insurance, title insurance is a one-time closing cost paid at settlement. It comes in two forms: lender’s title insurance, which protects the mortgage lender, and owner’s title insurance, which covers the buyer.

Lender’s title insurance is typically required with a mortgage, whether it’s a conventional mortgage, FHA mortgage, USDA mortgage, or VA mortgage.

Owner’s title insurance, which protects the home buyer from future claims, is optional but highly recommended.

Title Insurance: A Real World Example

Imagine a scenario where a first-time home buyer purchases a new home.

After a few months, the buyer is notified that a third party is claiming ownership over a portion of their property related to a previously undisclosed easement in the backyard.

Because the buyer purchased an owner’s title insurance policy at closing, the insurance company handles the legal defense and associated costs, protecting the buyer from potential financial loss. Without owner’s title insurance, the home buyer would be responsible for the legal costs of defending their ownership rights.

Common Questions About Title Insurance

What Does Title Insurance Cover?

Title insurance generally covers past issues affecting the property’s title, such as fraud, forgery, undisclosed heirs, mistakes in public records, and similar problems. It does not cover future disputes or issues that arise after the purchase date.

How Long Does Title Insurance Last?

Title insurance remains in effect as long as you or your heirs have an interest in the property. There are no ongoing premiums after the initial purchase.

Is Title Insurance Mandatory?

Lender’s title insurance is usually required when you take out a mortgage. Owner’s title insurance, while optional, is highly recommended to protect your investment.

Can You Purchase Title Insurance After Closing?

Title insurance is typically purchased at closing. Purchasing title insurance after closing is rare and might not offer the same level of protection, as any issues discovered post-closing may not be covered.